A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional modual on Knowledge regarding HPV Vaccination among Adolescent Girls in Selected Arts and Commerce College of Mehasana city

 

Janki Patel

Asst. Professor, Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, Tal-Visnagar, Dist-Mehsana (Gujarat)

 

ABSTRACT:

Background - Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been conclusively demonstrated to be the causative agent of cervical cancer. Aims and Objective- To assess the pre-test knowledge score regarding HPV vaccination among adolescent girls.To assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module regarding HPV vaccination among the adolescent girls.To find out the association between pre-test knowledge score regarding HPV vaccination among adolescent girls with their selected demographic Material and Methods- The data were collected from 40 Adolescent Girls by purposive sampling techniques with the use structured questionnaire and one group pretest posttest design was used. Results: ‘Regarding level of knowledge, in pre-test 70% had poor level of knowledge on HPV vaccination, 30% had average level of knowledge and 0% they had good level of knowledge on HPV vaccination. During post-test 62.5% had good knowledge on HPV vaccination. 37.5% had Average knowledge on HPV vaccination. There was highly significant difference found between pretest and posttest knowledge scores and there was no significant association found between pretest knowledge knowledge scores and demographic variables Conclusion- self instructional module found to be effective in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls in selected arts and commerce college of mehasana city”

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

The World Health Organization’s Global Burden of Disease statistics identified cancer as the second largest global cause of death, after cardio vascular disease. Cancer is the fastest growing segment of the disease burden; global cancer deaths are projected to increase from 7.1 million in 2002 to 11.5 million in 2030. One third of cancers are preventable and another third are curable through early detection and effective therapy.¹

 

 

Globally, the new cancer cases in 2000 were estimated to be 10.1 million with 53% occurring in the developing countries.12 million people diagnosed in 2008. If current trend continues, 15 million people will discover that they have cancer in 2020, 2/3^rd of them reside in newly industrialized and developing countries.²

 

Worldwide there are an estimated 4.7 lakhs new cases of cervical cancer that results in 2.3lakhs deaths per year.³ Cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, with an estimated 5.3lakhs new cases and 2.7lakhs deaths in 2008. About 86% of the cases occur in developing countries.⁴ In most of the developing countries carcinoma cervix and breast are the leading sites of malignancies in female and are major public health problem.⁵

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been conclusively demonstrated to be the causative agent of cervical cancer. Approximately 130 different Human Papilloma Virus types have been identified and, of these Human PapillomaVirus types 15 types Human Papilloma Virus types are classified as ‘high risk’ for the development of cervical cancer. Together Human Papilloma Virus 16 and 18 are responsible for over 70% of all cases of cervical cancer.⁶

 

India has the highest number of annual incident cases and mortality rates for cervical cancer worldwide. Women at risk for cervical cancer 366.58 millions. Annual number of cervical cancer cases 1.3lakhs, and cervical cancer deaths 7.3.lakhs. Projects number of new cervical cancer cases in 2025 is 2.03lakhs and cervical cancer death is 1.2lakhs. A crude incidence rate of cervical cancer is 23.5 per 1lakh population per year.⁷

 

Widespread vaccination has the potential to reduce cervical cancer deaths around the world by as much as two thirds if all women were taken the vaccine. In addition, the vaccines can reduce the need for the medical care, biopsies and invasive procedures and anxieties related to abnormal pap tests and follow up procedures.⁸ For women aged 9 to 26 years who receive the vaccine, maximum effectiveness will be achieved for those that have not been exposed to Human Papillomavirus Virus prior to immunization and those that receive the three doses within the recommended time.⁹

 

OBJECTIVES:

·        To assess the pre-test knowledge score regarding HPV vaccination among adolescent girls.

·        To assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module regarding HPV vaccination among the adolescent girls.

·        To find out the association between pre-test knowledge score regarding HPV vaccination among adolescent girls with their selected demographic variable.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

·        H1: there will be significant difference between pretest knowledge score and post test knowledge score.

·        H2: there will be a significance association between knowledge score and selected demographic variable.

 

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Pre experimental one group pre test post test design and evaluative research approach was used to assess the effectiveness of self instructional module on knowledge regarding HPV vaccination. Non-probability purposive sampling techniques were used. A structured questionnaire (closed ended) was selected to assess the knowledge HPV vaccination.

MAJOR FINDINGS:

Highest percentages (57.7%) adolescent girls were in the age group of 19-20 years. majority (92.5%) of adolescent girls were unmarried. majority (92.5%) of adolescent girls were hindu. majority (87.5%) of adolescent girls having no previous knowledge regarding HPV vaccination . majority (42.5 %) were have income between 5001-10000.

 

Parameter	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean difference	‘t’ value and df
Pre-test	9.72	1.83	10.98	t= 21.10  df= 39
Post-test	20.7	2.74

 

Findings revealed that the pre test level of knowledge score was (9.72±1.83) where as in the post test score was (20.7±2.74). It suggests that effectiveness of SIM in improving the knowledge of Adolescent Girls regarding HPV vaccination. The calculated‘t’ value (21.10) was greater than the d.f value (39) at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that there was no significant association between the knowledge scores and selected demographic variables.

 

CONCLUSION:

The main conclusion from this present study is that most of the adolescents girls had average level of knowledge regarding HPV vaccination in pre-test and their level of knowledge regarding HPV vaccination had improved to a great extent after self- instructional module which was revealed in post-test. This shows the imperative need to understand the utilities of self- instructional module in improvement of knowledge regarding HPV vaccination.

 

REFERENCE:

1.       Data mining of cancer vaccine trials (Internet). 2008[cited on 2010 Oct 17]. Available from: http://www.immunome-research.com.

2.       Peter Boyle, Bernard Levin. A World Cancer Report (Internet). 2008[cited on 2010 Nov 9]. Available from: http//www.iarc.fr/en.

3.       FDA and CDC on gardasil and its safety. Centers for Disease control and prevention.2008 July 22[cited on 2010 Oct 2] Available from: http//www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/FDA &CDC.

4.       World Health Organization.(Internet).1996[cited on 2010 Nov10] Available from: http://www.accessmylibrary.com

5.       Dutta DC Text book of gynaecology.India: 5^th ed.New central book agency;2008.p.327

6.       Tino F, Schwarz. Recent Advance in cervical cancer prevention. Expert review of vaccines. 2008;7(10):1465-73.

7.       Key statistics in India.World Health Organisation.(Internet) Available from: http//www.who.int/hpv center/en.

8.       Human papillomavirus HPVvaccines. Q &A National Cancer Institute (internet)2008July7[citedon2010Oct16]Availablefrom: http//www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/risk/hpvvaccine.

9.       The association of women’s health. Obstetric and neonatal nurses (Internet).2009[cited on 2010 Oct 17] Available from: http//www.online library.wiley.com.

 

 

 

 

Received on 11.09.2017       Modified on 29.10.2017

Accepted on 28.11.2017      ©A&V Publications All right reserved